Aerial strategy
practiced by coalition pilots during Operation Iraqi Freedom hinged
on knocking out pertinent enemy targets while preserving vital
Iraqi infrastructure as well as citizens' lives, an F-16 pilot who
flew combat missions over Iraq early in the war recounted
recently.
"A lot of care was put into selecting only those valid military
targets that were absolutely essential to assist in taking Baghdad
and securing the country," said Maj. Michael Norton, a South
Carolina Air National Guard F-16 pilot who'd been part of the U.S.
and coalition aerial vanguard that launched OIF on March 19,
2003.
Military planners knew that anything destroyed from the air,
like Iraqi roads, bridges, and power-generating stations, would
have to be rebuilt during the post-war period, said Norton, a
15-year military veteran who'd flown F-16s for 10 years in the
active Air Force before he joined the Air Guard.
"But more important than that," the 36-year-old Norton said, was
"the attention that was placed on minimizing civilian casualties,
because in any war you do not target civilians."
Under the law of war, Norton explained, civilians near
legitimate military targets might regretfully become casualties
during an attack. Yet, U.S. and coalition officials "took a much
more restrictive interpretation" of the law of war during the
planning of military air strikes in Iraq, Norton said.
As a result, the number
of Iraqi civilian casualties caused by U.S. and coalition aerial
attacks "was very low" during OIF, Norton, a Tallahassee, Fla.,
native, said.
It's been three years since Saddam Hussein's regime ended with
the liberation of Baghdad by U.S. and coalition military forces on
April 9, 2003, now named Iraqi Freedom Day. Since then, Iraq's
citizens have elected a democratic government and are working with
U.S. and coalition allies in suppressing a lingering insurgency
fueled by resentful leftover Saddamists and al Qaeda
terrorists.
Since the transfer of sovereignty in June 2004, Iraqis have
elected an interim government, drafted and ratified a constitution,
and elected a four-year constitutionally based government.
Insurgent-caused violence in Iraq today is mostly concentrated in
just three out of the country's 18 provinces.
Today, more than 250,000 trained and equipped Iraqi soldiers and
police are taking the lead in the fight against al Qaeda, the
Saddamists, and other terrorists. Those forces were in front and
helped to keep order during the sectarian violence caused by the
Feb. 22 bombing of the Golden Mosque in Samarra.
Saddam preferred to
spend public money on lavish palaces for himself and his supporters
while he let the country's infrastructure languish. But after the
dictator was deposed, myriad infrastructure improvements have been
made through the use of U.S., coalition and Iraqi efforts and
resources, according to DoD documents.
For example:
- More than 47,000 Iraqi school teachers and administrators have
been trained;
- Three major Baghdad sewage plants that serve 80 percent of the
city's residents have been renovated; and
- Thirteen refurbished power plants now provide about 60 percent
of power generation in Iraq.
Norton, who flew his last air combat mission over Iraq in May
2003, believes that U.S.-coalition aerial strategy carried out
during March and April 2003 helped to spare Iraqi citizens' lives
and reduced damage to the country's infrastructure, thereby greatly
assisting Iraq's post-Saddam recovery.
"I think that was really useful in avoiding having a lot of
resentful and angered citizens of Iraq who may have had a loved one
who was lost in the war and later on would be more susceptible to
joining the insurgency," Norton said. [ANN Salutes Gerry J.
Gilmore, American Forces Press Service]